Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, codsiga reagents-ka lanthanide ee isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah waxaa horumariyay boodboodo iyo xad.Waxaa ka mid ah, reagents badan oo lanthanide ah ayaa la ogaaday inay leeyihiin catalysis cad oo door ah falcelinta samaynta curaarta kaarboon-kaarboon;Isla mar ahaantaana, reagents badan oo lanthanide ah ayaa la ogaaday inay leeyihiin sifooyin aad u fiican falcelinta oksaydhka organic iyo falcelinta dhimista organic si loogu beddelo kooxaha shaqeeya.Isticmaalka beeraha naadirka ah waa guul cilmi baaris cilmiyeed oo leh astaamo Shiinees ah oo ay heleen shaqaalaha sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada Shiinaha sanado badan oo shaqo adag ah ka dib, waxaana si xoog leh loo dallacsiiyay sidii cabbir muhiim ah oo lagu kordhinayo wax soo saarka beeraha Shiinaha.Kaarboonaydhka naadirka ah ee dhulka ayaa si fudud ugu milmaya aashitada si ay u sameeyaan milix u dhigma iyo kaarboon laba ogsaydh, kuwaas oo si ku habboon loogu isticmaali karo isku-dhafka milixyada dhulka ee dhif iyo naadirka ah iyada oo aan la soo bandhigin wasakhda anionic.Tusaale ahaan, waxay la falgali kartaa asiidhyo xooggan sida nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, iyo sulfuric acid si ay u sameeyaan cusbo biyo-milmi leh.Ku fal celi fosfooraska aashitada iyo hydrofluoric acid si aad ugu beddelato fosfooraska naadirka ah ee dhulka iyo fluoride ee aan milmi karin.La falgeli asiidhyo organic ah oo badan si aad u samaysato isku-xidhayaal dabiici ah oo naadir ah oo u dhigma.Waxay noqon karaan cations adag ama anion adag, ama xeryahooda dhexdhexaadka ah ee ka yar milmay ayaa la soo dajiyay iyadoo ku xiran qiimaha xalka.Dhanka kale, karbohaydraytyada naadirka ah ee dhulka waxa lagu kala qaybin karaa oksaydhyo u dhigma iyadoo la isticmaalayo calcination, taas oo si toos ah loogu isticmaali karo diyaarinta waxyaabo badan oo dhulka naadirka ah.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, wax soo saarka sanadlaha ah ee carbonate naadirka ah ee Shiinaha waa in ka badan 10,000 oo tan, xisaabinta in ka badan rubuc ka mid ah dhammaan badeecadaha dhulka dhifka ah, taas oo muujinaysa in wax soo saarka warshadaha iyo codsiga ee karbohaydraytyada dhif ah ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan horumarinta warshadaha dhulka dhif ah.
Cerium carbonate waa unug aan dabiici ahayn oo leh qaacido kiimikaad ah C3Ce2O9, miisaan kelli ah 460, logP of -7.40530, PSA of 198.80000, dhibic karkarinta 333.6ºC at 760 mmHg, iyo dhibic flash ah 169.8ºC.In wax soo saarka warshadaha ee dhul dhif ah, cerium carbonate waa alaabta ceeriin dhexdhexaad ah oo loogu talagalay diyaarinta ee noocyada kala duwan ee cerium sida cusbada cerium kala duwan iyo cerium oxide.Waxay leedahay adeegsi badan oo kala duwan waana wax soo saarka dhulka naadirka ah ee muhiimka ah.Kaarboonaysiinta cerium carbonate ee fuuq-baxa leh waxay leedahay qaab-dhismeedka lanthanite-ka, iyo sawirkeeda SEM waxay muujinaysaa in qaabka aasaasiga ah ee cerium carbonate crystal uu yahay mid jilicsan, iyo jeexjeexyada waxay ku xiran yihiin isdhexgalka daciifka ah si ay u sameeyaan qaab-dhismeed u eg petal, iyo qaabdhismeedku waa dabacsan yahay, sidaas darteed hoos yimaada ficilka xoogga farsamada Way fududahay in lagu dhejiyo jajabyo yaryar.Karbonatonta cerium sida caadiga ah laga soo saaro warshadaha ayaa hadda leh 42-46% wadarta guud ee dhulka naadir ka dib qalajinta, taas oo xaddidaysa waxtarka wax soo saarka ee cerium carbonate.
Nooc ka mid ah isticmaalka biyaha hooseeya, tayada xasilloon, karbonatka cerium ee la soo saaray uma baahna in la qalajiyo ama la qalajiyo ka dib qalajinta centrifugal, iyo wadarta guud ee dhulalka dhifka ah waxay gaari karaan 72% ilaa 74%, geeddi-socodkuna waa mid fudud oo hal- habka loo maro diyaarinta cerium carbonate oo leh wadarta guud ee dhul dhif ah.Nidaamkan farsamada ee soo socda ayaa la qaatay: hab hal-tallaabo ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu diyaariyo cerium carbonate oo leh wadarta guud ee dhul dhif ah, taas oo ah, xalka cerium quudinta oo leh miisaan ballaaran oo CeO240-90g / L ah ayaa lagu kululeeyaa 95 ° C ilaa 105°C, iyo ammonium bicarbonate ayaa lagu daraa walaaq joogto ah si loo soo dajiyo cerium carbonate.Qadarka ammonium bicarbonate ayaa la hagaajiyaa si qiimaha pH ee dareeraha quudinta ugu dambeyntii lagu hagaajiyo 6.3 ilaa 6.5, iyo heerka dheeriga ah waa ku habboon yahay si dareeraha quudinta uusan uga bixin barkada.Xalka quudinta cerium waa ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah cerium chloride xal aqueous, cerium sulfate xal aqueous ama xal aqueous cerium nitrate.Kooxda R&D ee UrbanMines Tech.Shirkadda
Cerium carbonate waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu diyaariyo cerium oxide, cerium dioxide iyo nanomaterials kale.Codsiyada iyo tusaalooyinka waa sida soo socota:
1. Muraayad violet-ka-hortagga ah oo si xooggan u nuugta fallaadhaha ultraviolet iyo qaybta jaalaha ah ee iftiinka muuqda.Iyada oo ku saleysan halabuurka caadiga ah ee soda-lime-silica sabaynta galaas, waxa ku jira alaabta ceeriin soo socota ee boqolkiiba miisaanka: silica 72 ~ 82%, sodium oxide 6 ~ 15%, calcium oxide 4 ~ 13%, magnesium oxide 2 ~ 8% , Alumina 0 ~ 3%, birta 0.05 ~ 0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1 ~ 3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4 ~ 1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5 ~ 3%.Muraayadda qaro weyn ee 4mm waxay leedahay gudbinta iftiinka muuqata ee ka weyn 80%, gudbinta ultraviolet ka yar 15%, gudbinta mawjadaha dhaadheer ee 568-590 nm wax ka yar 15%.
2. Rinjiga tamarta tamarta ee endothermic, oo lagu garto in uu ku sameeyo isku-darka buuxinta iyo walxaha filim samaynta, buuxinta waxaa la sameeyaa iyada oo la isku qasayo alaabta ceeriin ee soo socota qaybo miisaan: 20 ilaa 35 qaybood oo ah silicon dioxide. iyo 8 ilaa 20 qaybood oo aluminium oxide ah., 4 ilaa 10 qaybood oo ah oxide titanium, 4 ilaa 10 qaybood oo zirconia ah, 1 ilaa 5 qaybood oo zinc oxide ah, 1 ilaa 5 qaybood oo ah magnesium oxide, 0.8 ilaa 5 qaybood oo ah silicon carbide, 0.02 ilaa 0.5 qaybaha yttrium oxide, iyo 0.01 ilaa 1.5 qaybood oo chromium oxide ah.qaybo, 0.01-1.5 qaybo kaolin, 0.01-1.5 qaybo ka mid ah qalabka dhulka dhif ah, 0.8-5 qaybo ka mid ah kaarboon madow, size qayb ka mid kasta oo cayriin waa 1-5 μm;Halkaa, walxaha dhifka ah ee dhulka waxaa ka mid ah 0.01-1.5 qaybo ka mid ah lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 qaybo cerium carbonate 1.5 qaybood praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 ilaa 1.5 qaybaha praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 ilaa 1.5 qaybo ka mid ah neodymium carbonate ilaa 0.5 Nitrate;walxaha samaynta filimku waa potassium sodium carbonate;carbonate potassium sodium waxa lagu qasaa isla miisaanka potassium carbonate iyo sodium carbonate.Saamiga isku dhafka miisaanka ee buuxinta iyo walxaha samaynta filimku waa 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 ama 4.8: 5.2.Intaa waxaa dheer, nooc ka mid ah habka diyaarinta ee rinjiga badbaadinta tamarta endothermic waxaa lagu gartaa taas oo ka kooban tillaabooyinka soo socda:
Tallaabada 1, diyaarinta buuxinta, marka hore miisaankeedu yahay 20-35 qaybood oo silica ah, 8-20 qaybood oo aluminium ah, 4-10 qaybood oo ah titanium oxide, 4-10 qaybood oo zirconia ah, iyo 1-5 qaybaha zinc oxide miisaanka ., 1 ilaa 5 qaybood oo ah magnesium oxide, 0.8 ilaa 5 qaybood oo ah silicon carbide, 0.02 ilaa 0.5 qaybo ka mid ah yttrium oxide, 0.01 ilaa 1.5 qaybood oo ah trioxide chromium, 0.01 ilaa 1.5 qaybood oo kaolin ah, 0.01 ilaa 1.5 qaybaha dhulka dhifka ah. 0.8 ilaa 5 qaybood oo kaarboon madow ah, ka dibna si isku mid ah loogu qaso qase si loo helo buuxinta;Halkaa, walxaha dhifka ah ee dhulka waxaa ka mid ah 0.01-1.5 qaybo ka mid ah lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 qaybo cerium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 qaybo ka mid ah praseodymium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 qaybo ka mid ah neodymium carbonate iyo 0.01-1.5 qaybaha promethiumt;
Tallaabada 2, diyaarinta walxaha samaynta filimka, walxaha filimku waa sodium potassium carbonate;marka hore u miisaami potassium carbonate iyo sodium carbonate siday u kala horreeyaan miisaanka, ka dibna si siman u walaaq si aad u hesho walxaha samaynta filimada;sodium potassium carbonate waa isku miisaan ee potassium carbonate iyo sodium carbonate waa la isku daray;
Tallaabada 3, saamiga isku dhafka ah ee buuxinta iyo walxaha filimka miisaanka waa 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 ama 4.8: 5.2, iyo isku dar ah ayaa si isku mid ah isku dhafan oo loo kala firdhiyey si loo helo isku dar ah;
Tallaabada 4, isku dar ah ayaa lagu shubay kubbadda 6-8 saacadood, ka dibna alaabta la dhammeeyey waxaa lagu helaa iyada oo la marayo shaashadda, iyo mesh shaashadda waa 1-5 μm.
3. Diyaarinta ultrafine cerium oxide: Isticmaalka dareeraha cerium carbonate sida hordhaca ah, ultrafine cerium oxide leh cabbir dhexdhexaad ah oo ka yar 3 μm ayaa lagu diyaariyey kubbadda si toos ah u shiilan iyo calcination.Alaabooyinka la helay dhammaantood waxay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeedka fluorite cubic.Sida heerkulka calcination kordho, size qayb ka mid ah alaabta hoos u, qaybinta size qayb ayaa noqda cidhiidhi iyo crystallinity kordhisaa.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodda polishing ee saddex galaas oo kala duwan ayaa muujisay qiimaha ugu badan ee u dhexeeya 900 ℃ iyo 1000 ℃.Sidaa darteed, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in heerka saarista walxaha dusha sare ee muraayadda inta lagu jiro habka dhogorta ay si weyn u saameeyaan xajmiga walxaha, crystallinity iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare ee budada polishing.